Mathematics Education PhD
student presenting at conference

Student Presentations

  • Provost, A., Lim, S., York, T. & Panorkou, N. (2022). Bridging Frequentist and Classical Probability Through Design, Presentation to be given at the forty-fourth annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Nashville, TN, November 2022.
  • Germia, E., York, T. & Panorkou, N. (2022). How Transitions Between Related Artifacts Support Students’ Covariational Reasoning. Presentation to be given at the forty-fourth annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Nashville, TN, November 2022.
  • Panorkou, N., York, T., Germia, E. & Kim, Y. (2022). Examining Students’ Progression of Variational, Covariational, and Multivariational Reasoning. Presentation given at the 2022 American Educational Research Association (AERA) Annual Meeting, April 2022.
  • Germia, E. & Panorkou, N. (2022). Students’ Reasoning About Dynamic Angles. Presentation given at the 2022 American Educational Research Association (AERA) Annual Meeting, April 2022.

  • Basu, D., Davidson, J., & Greenstein, S. (2022). Justice-Oriented Curricular Experience as a Site for Math Education Reform. Poster to be presented at the American Association of Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) 2022 Conference on Diversity, Equity, and Student Success.

  • York, T., Germia, E., Kim, Y. & Panorkou, N. (2021). Students’ reorganizations of variational, covariational, and multivariational reasoning. Online presentation given at the forty-third annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Philadelphia, PA, October 2021.
  • Germia, E. & Panorkou, N. (2021) Integrating covariational reasoning in the learning of science: the case of gravity. Online presentation given at the 14th International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME), July 2021.
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou, N. (2021) Task design features for integrating covariational reasoning with science. Online presentation given at the 14th International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME), July 2021.
  • York, T., Germia, E. & Panorkou, N. (2021). Integrating the STEM Disciplines Through Debugging. Online presentation given at the Annual conference of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), April 2021.

  • Akuom, D., Davidson, J., Pomponio, E., Fernández, E., & Greenstein, S. (2021, September). The Personal, Pedagogical, And Problem-Solving Possibilities of Mathematical Making in Teacher Preparation. Presentation given at the Virtual International Symposium on 3D Printing in Mathematics Education, University of Siegen, Germany.

  • Akuom, D., & Greenstein, S. (2021, April). Prospective Teachers’ Design Decisions, Rationales, and Resources: Re/claiming Teacher Agency Through Mathematical Making. Paper presented at the Virtual Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA).
  • Panorkou, N. & Germia, E. F. (2020). Examining students’ reasoning of multiple quantities. Presentation to be given at the 42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Mexico. (Conference postponed to June 2021)
  • Panorkou, N. & York, T. (2020). Designing for an integrated STEM+C experience. Presentation to be given at the 42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Mexico. (Conference postponed to June 2021)
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou, N. (2020b). Utilizing mathematics to examine sea level rise as an environmental and a social issue. Presentation to be given at the 42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Mexico. (Conference postponed to June 2021)
  • Panorkou, N. & Germia, E. (2020). Examining students’ quantitative reasoning in virtual ecosystem simulation of the water cycle. Online presentation given at the 14th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS), Nashville, June 2020.
  • Germia, E. & Panorkou N. (April 2020). Integrating covariational reasoning into the learning of gravity. Presentation to be given at the Annual conference of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), Sa Francisco, April 2020. (Online presentation)
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou N. (April 2020). Examining students’ covariational reasoning and their understanding of the greenhouse effect through dynamic mathematical activities. Presentation to be given at the Annual conference of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), Sa Francisco, April 2020. (Online presentation)
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou N. (2020). Fight climate change with mathematics! Presentation to be given at the Annual conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Chicago, April 2020. (conference cancelled)
  • Germia, E. & Panorkou N. (2020). Integrating mathematics and coding into the learning of shadows. Presentation to be given at the Annual conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Chicago, April 2020. (conference cancelled)
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou N. (2020). Examining the role of covariational reasoning in developing students’ understanding of the greenhouse effect. Presentation to be given at the eighth International Conference to Review Research in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (epiSTEME 8), January 2020.
  • Germia, E. & Panorkou N. (2020). Exploring Angles in a Programming Environment. Presentation to be given at the eighth International Conference to Review Research in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (epiSTEME 8), January 2020.
  • Panorkou, N. & Basu, D. (2019). Exploring Gravity through Mathematics. Presentation given at the Research conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, San Diego, California, April 2019.

  • Pomponio, E., Greenstein, S., & Akuom, D. (2020). Making Sense of Senseless Things: An Enactivist Analysis of Harmony and Dissonance in Problem Solving. In A.I. Sacristán, J.C. Cortés-Zavala & P.M. Ruiz-Arias, (Eds.). Mathematics Education Across Cultures: Proceedings of the 42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Mexico (pp. 1015-1016). Cinvestav/AMIUTEM/PME-NA.

  • Pomponio, E., Davidson, J., Greenstein, S., Fernández, E., Jeannotte, D., & Akuom, D. (October 2020). ReMaking Teacher Learning: Designing Objects-to-Teach-With to Promote Mathematics Education Reform. Paper presented at the Annual FabLearn Conference, NYC.

  • Basu, D. & Panorkou, N. (2019). Greenhouse effect: An Issue of Social Justice through Mathematical Lens. Presentation to be given at the Research conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, San Diego, California, April 2019.
  • Germia, E. & Panorkou, N. (2019). Exploring coordinates using coding. Presentation to be given at the the Research conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, San Diego, California, April 2019.
  • Germia, E. & Panorkou, N. (2019). Trending Mathematics with Coding. Presentation to be given at the Annual conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, San Diego, California, April 2019.
  • Vishnubhotla, M. & Panorkou, N. (2019). Explore the Distinction between Quadratic and Exponential Growth Using Dynamic Tasks. Presentation to be given at the Annual conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, San Diego, California, April 2019.
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou, N. (2019). Examining the social aspects of the Greenhouse effect through mathematics. Presentation to be given at the Annual conference of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), Toronto Canada, April 2019.

  • Davidson, J., Fernández, E., & Greenstein, S. (2019). Teachers Making Manipulatives to Promote Pedagogical Change. Poster presented at the 41st Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. St. Louis, MO.

  • Davidson, J., Basu, D., Greenstein, S., & Davidson, J. (2019, July). The Power of Mathematical Power to Right Wrongs and Write Rights. Presentation given at the Free Minds, Free People Conference, Twin Cities, MN.

  • Panorkou, N., Basu, D. & Vishnubhotla, M. (2018) Investigating volume as base times height through dynamic task design. Paper presented at the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PMENA), Greenville, South Carolina, November 2018.
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou, N. (2018) Expanding students’ contextual neighborhoods of measurement through dynamic measurement. Paper presented at the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PMENA), Greenville, South Carolina, November 2018.
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou, N. (2018) Examining the Social Aspects of Greenhouse Effect through Mathematical Modeling. Poster presented at the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PMENA), Greenville, South Carolina, November 2018.
  • Zhu, M., Panorkou, N., Etikyala, S., Basu, D., Street-Conaway, T., Iranah, P., Mazol, D., Hannum, C., Marshall, R., Lal, P. & Samanthula, B. (2018). Steerable Environmental Simulations for Exploratory Learning. Presentation given at the E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
  • Panorkou, N. & Vishnubhotla M. (2018). Using Dynamic Design to Illustrate the Multiplicative Relationship of Area. Presentation given at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2018 Research Conference, Washington D.C.
  • Basu, D. & Panorkou, N. (2018). Evaluating the impact of Dynamic Measurement on students’ thinking of area. Presentation given at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2018 Research Conference, Washington D.C., April 2018.
  • Panorkou, N., Greenstein, S. & Seventko, J. (2018). Designing for Student and Teacher Agency in a Sandbox-style Video Gaming Environment. Presentation given at the Annual conference of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), New York City NY, April 2018.
  • Zhu, M., Panorkou, N., Lal, P., Etikyala, S., Germia E.F., Iranah, P., Samanthula, B. K., Basu, D. (2018). Integrating Interactive Computer Simulation into K-12 Earth and Environmental Science. Presentation given at the IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference, Princeton, NJ.
  • Germia, Erell (2017). Exploring Angles Dynamically using Geometer’s Sketchpad. Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, April 2017.
  • Vishnubhotla M. & Panorkou, N. (2017) A Learning Trajectory for Visualizing Area as a Dynamic Continuous Quantity. Presentation given at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2017 Research Conference.
  • Basu D., Vishnubhotla M. & Panorkou, N. (2017) Visualizing the area formula dynamically: Why length times width? Presentation given at the NCTM National Annual Meeting & Exposition, San Antonio, Texas, April 2017.
  • Panorkou, N & Vishnubhotla M. (2017). Counting Square Units Is Not Enough: Exploring Area Dynamically. Presentation given at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Research Council on Mathematics Learning, Fort Worth, Texas, March 2017.
  • Seventko, J., Panorkou, N. and Greenstein, S. (2017). Balancing Teachers’ Goals and Students’ Play in a Sandbox-Style Game Environment. Presentation given at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Research Council on Mathematics Learning, Fort Worth, Texas, March 2017.
  • Greenstein, S., Panorkou, N. & Seventko, J. (2016). Optimizing Teacher and Student Agency in Minecraft-Mediated Mathematical Activity. Paper presented at the 38th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Tucson, AZ, November 2016.
  • Vishnubhotla, M. & Basu, D. (2016). Designing a learning trajectory for developing students’ thinking of dynamic measurement. Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, April 2016.
  • Basu, D. & Vishnubhotla, M. (2016). Introducing Dynamic Measurement: A new approach to area and volume. Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, April 2016.
  • Basu, D. (2015). Learning trajectory for the classification of quadrilaterals. Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, April 2015.
  • Wooten, T. M. (2015). Developing a hypothetical learning trajectory of elementary school students’ understanding of 3D geometry. Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, April 2015.
  • Platt, D. (2014) Exploring elementary school students thinking of invariance through geometric transformations.Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, April 2014.
  • Panorkou, N. & Platt, D. (2014). Facilitating the teaching and learning of geometric transformations through motion animation. Paper presented at the Emerging Learning Design conference, Montclair State University, May 2014.
  • Daniel, A., Kim, Y., Leonard, H. S., Bonaccorso, V. D. & DiNapoli, J. (2023, February). Building collegial conversations in mathematics professional development. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators in New Orleans, LA.
  • Daniel, A., Kim, Y., Leonard, H. S., Bonaccorso, V. D. & DiNapoli, J. (2022, September). Characterizing mathematics teacher learning through collegial conversations in a community of practice. Presentation at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics research conference in Los Angeles, CA.
  • Leonard, H. S., DiNapoli, J., Murray, E. & Bonaccorso, V. D. (2022, April). Collegial frame processes supporting mathematics teacher learning in a community of practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association in San Diego, CA.
  • Amenya, M., Perkoski, A., Cane, R. & DiNapoli, J. (2021, November). Affordances and challenges of implementing mathematical modeling in secondary classrooms: Teachers’ perspectives. Virtual presentation at the 14th Annual International Conference of Education, Research, and Innovation in Seville, Spain.
  • Ward, J. K., DiNapoli, J. & Monahan, K. (2021, November). In tandem: The careful coordination of perseverance between preschool children and their mathematics teachers. Accepted presentation at the annual meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in Atlanta, GA.
  • Monahan, K., Ward, J. K. & DiNapoli, J. (2021, September). Conceptualizing instructional perseverance in early-childhood mathematics settings. Virtual presentation at the annual conference of the National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics in Atlanta, GA.
  • Dalzell, M. & DiNapoli, J. (2021, July). Assessing cognitive demand in innovative and reform-based mathematics textbooks. Virtual presentation at the 13th Annual International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULearn21) in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
  • Kim, Y., Bonaccorso, V. D., Mohamed, M. M., Leonard, H. S., DiNapoli, J. & Murray, E. (2021, June). Analyzing teacher learning in a community of practice centered on video cases of mathematics teaching. Virtual presentation at the annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
  • Leonard, H. S., Bonaccorso, V. D., DiNapoli, J. & Murray, E. (2021, April). Methodological advancements for analyzing teachers’ learning in a community of practice. Virtual presentation at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association in Orlando, FL.
  • DiNapoli, J., Amenya, M., Van Den Einde, L., Delson, N. & Cowan, E. (2020, November). Supporting mathematical perseverance remotely through a digital sketching application. Virtual presentation at the 13th Annual International Conference of Education, Research, and Innovation in Seville, Spain.
  • Akuom, D., Davidson, J., Pomponio, E., Greenstein, S. & Fernández, E.  (2021, September).  The Personal, Pedagogical, And Problem-Solving Possibilities of Mathematical Making in Teacher Preparation. Presentation given at the Virtual International Symposium on 3D Printing in Mathematics Education.  University of Siegen, Germany.
  • Fernández, E., Pomponio, Erin & Davidson, Jessica.  (2021, April).  Dare to care:  the impacts of a caring pedagogy on mathematical Making, teaching and learning [Roundtable presentation].  Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
  • Davidson, J. & Fernández, E.  (2021, May).  The power of caring and funds of knowledge in teacher learning.  42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Mazatlan, Mexico.
  • Abi-Hana, R. & Fernández, E. (2018, June).  How do mathematical tools help students communicate their understanding of double-digit subtraction?  With Rabab Abi-Hana.  Meeting of e-Learning and Innovative Pedagogies. Athens, Greece.
  • Roeder, M. & Panorkou, N. (November 2017). Climb Aboard with Scratch Programming: An Engaging Way to Learn Coordinates. NCTM 2017 Regional Conference & Exposition: Chicago.
  • Roeder, M. & Panorkou, N. (October 2017). Climb Aboard with Scratch Programming: An Engaging Way to Learn Coordinates. NCTM 2017 Regional Conference & Exposition: Orlando.
  • Roeder, M. & Panorkou, N. (November 2017). Climb Aboard with Scratch Programming: An Engaging Way to Learn Coordinates. NCTM 2017 Regional Conference & Exposition: Chicago.
  • Roeder, M. & Panorkou, N. (October 2017). Climb Aboard with Scratch Programming: An Engaging Way to Learn Coordinates. NCTM 2017 Regional Conference & Exposition: Orlando.
  • Panorkou, N., Vishnubhotla M. & Basu D. (2016) Developing students’ thinking of dynamic measurement. Presentation given at the NCTM 2016 Regional Conference & Exposition: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 2016.
  • Fernandez, E., Platt, D. & McManus, J.  (2016, Washington, DC). Teacher Knowledge and Teacher Uncertainty in Online Teaching.  Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.  With Jason McManus and Douglas Platt.
  • Klein, E. J., Taylor, M., Munakata, M., McManus, J., Rahman, Z., Trabona, K. (2016, April). Nurturing teacher leaders through actions and agency: A differentiated science teacher leadership program.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC.
  • Kose, G. (2016, October). From typical to better to even better PD. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Regional Conference and Exposition: Philadelphia, PA.
  • Kose, G. (2016, October). Extracting the good out of bad mathematics questions. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Regional Conference and Exposition: Philadelphia, PA.
  • Basu, D. (2015).Designing a Learning Trajectory for the Classification of Quadrilaterals. Poster presented at the 9th annual Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Seventko, J. (2015) A Proposed Study of Millennial Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Cultural Experiences and Implications for Instruction. Poster presented at the 9th Annual Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Yu, K., Seventko, J. (2015). Inquiry Based Instructional Supplement (IBIS) for Calculus sequence. Presented at the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) MathFest, Washington, DC.
  • Yu, K., Wooten, T.  (2015). Piloting a model of inquiry-oriented supplemental instruction for Calculus I. Poster presented at the 9th Annual Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, NJ.
  • Casale, K. M. (2015, April). Motivating the female learner in mathematics education. Professional Development presented at the Beta Chi Pi Lambda Theta International Honor Society and Professional Association in Education Initiation, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ.
  • Fernandez, G., Saltwick, T. (2015, April). Assessing general education across the curriculum. Best Practices Conference 2015. Camden Community College, Blackwood, NJ.
  • Flood, P. (2015) The adult with LD: A mathematics educator’s perspective. The LDA in Chicago, 52nd Annual International Conference. February 18-21, 2015.
  • Kose, G. (2015, November). Extracting the good out of bad mathematics questions. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Regional Conference and Exposition, Nashville, TN.
  • McManus, J., Munakata, M. & Vanderklein, D. (2015). Crossing boundaries in biology education. Poster presented at the Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • McManus, J., Nicholas-Alexander, M., Messyasz, A. (2015, September). Student research panel. In H. F. Berger (chair), Research ethics week. Symposium conducted at Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ.
  • Taylor, M., Klein, E., Munakata, M., Trabona, K., Rahman, Z. & McManus, J. (2015, April). Fostering science teacher leadership for sustainable change. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.
  • Dalton, M.L. (2014, February). Using tilings to understand area. Presented at the Annual Winter Conference of the Association of Mathematics Teachers of New Jersey. Monroe, NJ.
  • Yu, K.T. (2014).  PLTL + CL –> IBIS:  Merging Peer-Led Team Learning and Complex Instruction to Build an Inquiry-Based Instructional Supplement.  Poster presented at the 8th Annual Student Research Symposium, Montclair State University, NJ.
  • Flood, P. (2014, April). Pedagogy of the adult with LD: Mathematics perspective. Poster presented at the 8th annual Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Kopsco, H., Leonardis, T. & McManus, J. (2014, September). Student research panel. In H. F. Berger (chair), Research ethics week. Symposium conducted at Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ.
  • Krupa, E. E., Webel, C. & McManus, J. (2014, April). Improving teachers’ Core: Influence of PD on teacher knowledge. Paper presented at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Research Conference, New Orleans, LA.
  • Panorkou, N., Maloney, A., Confrey, J. & Platt, D. (2014). Developing elementary students’ reasoning of geometric transformations through dynamic animation. Paper presented at Constructionism and Creativity, Vienna, Austria.
  • Panorkou, N. & Platt, D. (2014). Facilitating the teaching and learning of geometric transformations through motion animation. Paper presented at Emerging Learning Design, Montclair, NJ.
  • Platt, D. (2014). Exploring elementary school students thinking of invariance through geometric transformations. Poster presented at the 8th Annual Montclair State University Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Vanderklein, D., McManus, J., Munakata, M. (2014, May). Crossing boundaries in undergraduate biology education. Poster presented at the 5th annual University Learning and Teaching Showcase, Montclair, NJ.
  • Webel, C., Krupa, E. E. & McManus, J. (2014, February). Curricular reasoning in the CCSSM era: How teachers evaluate electronically available curriculum resources. Paper presented at the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators, Irvine, CA.
  • Webel, C. Krupa, E. E. & McManus, J. (2014, April). Missing the Core: Classroom representations of fraction multiplication. Paper presented at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Research Conference, New Orleans, LA.
  • Russo, M. F. (2014). Quantitative literacy and high school mathematics: The evolution of a collaboratively constructed course and its impact on students’ attitudes and numeracy. Paper presented at the 8th Annual Montclair State University Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Greenstein, S., Ekici, C. & Wooten, T. (2014, October). An Analysis Of Locally Effective Practices Towards Developing A Contextually Situated STEM Teacher Education Program. Presented at the International Society of Educational Research (iSER) 2014 World Conference: Cappadocia, Turkey.
  • Greenstein, S., Krupa, E. & Wooten, T. (2014, January). Preparing the Effective Elementary Math Teacher. Poster presentation at the 2014 Joint Mathematics Meeting (JMM) Conference: Baltimore, Maryland.
  • Greenstein, S., Krupa, E., Robinson, J. & Wooten T. (2014, April). Preparing the Effective Elementary Math Teacher. Poster presentation at the Eighth Annual Research Symposium at Montclair State University: Montclair, NJ.
  • Casale, K. M. (2013, October). The effects of a parent participation program on the mathematics performance of ninth grade algebra 1 students. Poster presented at the 44th annual meeting of the Northeastern Educational Research Association, Rocky Hill, CT.
  • Krupa, E. E., Webel, C. & McManus, J. (2013). Evaluating the impact of computer-based and traditional learning environments on students’ knowledge of algebra. In Martinez, M. & Castro Superfine, A (Eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.
  • Platt, D. (2013). Lecturing versus leading in high school geometry: implications from the arbitrary to the necessary. Paper presented at Northeastern Educational Research Association (NERA) 44th Annual Conference, Rocky Hill, CT.
  • Platt, D. (2013). Measuring students understanding of algebraic patterns. Paper presented at the 7th Annual Montclair State University Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Russo, M. F. (2013). Common core state standards for mathematics and citizenship education. Poster presented at the 7th Annual Montclair State University Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Platt, D. (2012). Portrayal of mathematics students’ conceptions of functions as viewed from various sources. Paper presented at the 6th Annual Montclair State University Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Platt, D. (2012). Alignment and misalignment of a teacher belief’s and her classroom practices at the high school level. Paper presented at the 6th Annual Montclair State University Student Research Symposium, Montclair, NJ.
  • Webel, C. & Platt, D. (2012). Transition in limbo: How competing obligations can lead to pedagogical inertia. Paper presented at the 34th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Kalamazoo, MI.; Western Michigan University.