Sound and Science

Nathaniel Frissell ’07, assistant professor of physics and electrical engineering at the
University of Scranton, made the news recently. As the lead principal investigator of a
$399,211 National Science Foundation (NSF) funded collaborative research project, he
will be exploring “Measuring Daily Ionospheric Variability and the 2023 and 2024 Solar
Eclipse Ionospheric Impacts Using HamSCI HF Doppler Shift Receiver.”

“I’ve been very fortunate, says Frissell. “Since 2019, I’ve received over $3.3 million in
NSF, NASA and Amateur Radio Digital Communications (ARDC) funding.”

At first glance, the space between Frissell’s early years as a Bloomfield High School
marching band and choir member, ham radio enthusiast, and dedicated Boy Scout, and
his current role as a research scientist, might seem like a stretch of the imagination. But
passion, hard work and his undergraduate years at Montclair State University blazed a
most fascinating career path.

“I was trying to decide between a music-related degree and electrical engineering,”
Frissell recalls. “Dr. Mary Ann Craig, Montclair’s Director of Bands at the time, visited
my school. She did a great job recruiting. In fact, she was the main reason I chose
Montclair, declared a Music Education major and joined the band.”

Frissell remained involved in ham radio and scouting, teaching electronics and radio
technology to summer campers at New York’s Forestburg Scout Reservation. He found
himself thinking more and more about electrical engineering, but he was already two
years into his Music Education program, and he didn’t want to leave Montclair for an
engineering school. “One of my Montclair mentors suggested I change my major to
Physics, and then study electrical engineering in graduate school,” he says.

He paid a visit to Mathematical Sciences professor Mary Lou West. “I just knocked on
her door and asked if I could become a physics major,” Frissell says with a laugh. “And
she said sure!”

“West encouraged me to consider a double major,” he says. “It meant two extra years of
undergraduate work, but it would be worth it.”

After completing his undergraduate education at Montclair, Frissell pursued electrical
and computer engineering, earning a Master’s of Science and a doctorate from Virginia
Tech; but his enthusiasm for research was sparked at Montclair. “The physics program
opened my eyes to what it means to be a research scientist,” he says. “Dr. West
brought me to my first professional conference, which was organized by the American
Astronomical Society. I also presented a poster and won my first research-related
award at the University’s Sigma Xi on-campus research conference.”

Student research was, and continues to be, an important aspect of the physics program
at Montclair. “We have always looked for opportunities to help students learn how to
turn information that you don’t understand into something that makes sense,” says
West, who is now professor emerita of the University’s Department of Physics and
Astronomy. “We help students think realistically about what they just measured.”

Frissell, who was a post-doctoral associate then an assistant research professor with
New Jersey Institute of Technology for three years, joined University of Scranton in
2019. In his role, he is fortunate to still work with West, who collaborates on multiple
research projects and helps advise his research students.

Drawing on his early experiences with research at Montclair, Frissell’s NSF project will
involve University of Scranton students as well as collaborators at Case Western
Reserve University and volunteers across the nation. Together, they will monitor the
effects of dawn, dusk, and solar eclipses on the electrified portion of the upper
atmosphere known as the ionosphere.

“These days we are accustomed to worldwide communication through digital and
internet providers,” Frissell explains. “But high frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz) radio doesn’t
require providers. With HF radio communication the atmosphere, the natural
environment, is the provider.”

“The ionosphere causes HF radio frequencies to propagate around the curvature of the
earth, allowing radio signals, and therefore communication, to span the globe,” he
continues. “But the ionosphere exists primarily because of ultraviolet light from the sun.
Our research will help us better understand what happens to radio signals before,
during and after an event that affects the path of light from the sun to the earth.”

Frissell and his team are preparing for two such events in particular, an annular solar
eclipse in October 2023, in which the edge of the sun remains visible as a bright ring
around the moon, and a total solar eclipse in April 2024. And the pressure is on: These
are the last solar eclipses that will be visible from the continental U.S. until 2044.

“What we learn about the upper atmosphere and how it works will help us, and other
researchers, design better communications systems,” Frissell says.

Although his research – which has involved travel to locales as far away as Antarctica –
is demanding, Frissell occasionally has the opportunity to take a drive through campus
to reminisce about his Montclair years. Among the highlights was the opportunity to
perform on stage with the innovative string ensemble, the Kronos Quartet.

“They were scheduled to give a concert at Montclair,” Frissell says. “The musicians
were very interested in short-wave radio stations and wanted to incorporate radio
sounds into their music. I played ham radio during their performance.”

Whether through music or radio technology – or both, Frissell’s interest remains where
sound and science enable communication and provide opportunities to build community. Frissell founded and is the lead organizer of the international citizen science space physics research collective known as the Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation (HamSCI.org). HamSCI is recognized as an official NASA Citizen Science Project.

He also organized the Solar Eclipse QSO Party, a nationwide ham radio experiment to
study the August 2017 Total Solar Eclipse, and maintains an ongoing collaboration with
the amateur radio electrical engineering organization TAPR to develop a Personal
Space Weather Station. For his efforts, the amateur radio community awarded him the
prestigious 2017 Yasme Foundation Excellence award, the 2019 Dayton Amateur Radio
Association Amateur of the Year Award, and he was inducted in 2021 to the CQ Amateur Radio Hall of fame.

“Radio signals allow us to send and receive sound around the world,” he notes. “What
could be more exciting?”

Frissell’s expansive life experience guides his sound advice: “Whatever your interests
are, pursue them. It may take extra time, but it will be worth it. You never know where
you’re going to end up!”